An index fund is a mutual fund that owns all the stocks in a particular index.  The index could be the S&P 500, the NASDAQ 1000, the MSCI EAFE, or any of a hundred other indexes.  If you want your portfolio to have 80% domestic stocks and 20% international, then you could invest those proportions in two index funds.  This would instantly give you diversification across hundreds of underlying stocks.  Exchange traded funds (ETFs) are essentially the same thing, but they are considered slightly differently for tax purposes.  They are considered baskets of stocks instead of many individual stocks.  To me this is splitting hairs, but I’m sure it’s making investment companies buckets of money.  Let’s see if an ETF does us common folk any good.

Let’s compare two scenarios: investing $10,000 in an ETF vs. and index fund.

(Warning: Plot Spoiler: A good index fund is as good as an ETF; however, not all index funds are made the same.) Continue Reading »

This weekend, the Boston Globe had an article on a change made to 401(k) investment plans during the Bush administration.  The change enabled businesses to automatically enroll employees in the retirement plan — employees would have to take action to opt-out.  In addition, if the individual didn’t specify how to invest the funds, they would automatically be invested in stock-heavy funds.  The Globe article estimates that 1-2 million workers were affected by the new law, and of course with the markets in a free fall, these employees have lost much of their initial investment.

This origin of this change was the Pension Protection Act of 2006.  The Act changed many things about pensions and retirement accounts, including creating the default opt-in for 401(k)’s.  It would seem to be a good idea — to give a bit of a push to those folks who are reluctant to fund their retirement accounts, presumably out of procrastination or trepidation.  The default investment was determined by “Section 624(a) of the Pension Protection Act directed that such regulations provide guidance on the appropriateness of designating default investments that include a mix of asset classes consistent with capital preservation or long-term capital appreciation…”  In other words, the default was a conservative investment.  Fast forward to December 10, 2008 and the swift pen of the Joint Committee on Taxation, p. 12, relieved the restriction on default investments.  Hmmm… that was about 41 days before Obama took the reigns.  D’ya think maybe there was just a wee bit of lobbying going on by the investment powerhouses? Continue Reading »